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Concussion is an injury to a part of the body resulting from a blow or from a violent shaking.

Concussion usually refers to an injury to the brain, which is commonly caused by a head injury. It may also result from a fall in which the point of impact is the lower end of the spine.

The symptoms of brain concussion vary according to the site and extent of the injury. Brain concussion usually, but not always, produces unconsciousness.

The return to consciousness often occurs gradually. Following the initial injury, there may be headache, difficulty in concentrating, nausea, vomiting, difficulty in focusing, and a feeling of depression and irritability.

Events immediately before the injury may be forgotten at first (retrograde amnesia), but the memory of them usually returns.

A physician should be consulted in all cases of concussion because there may be more serious brain damage.

Bed rest is essential for at least a day after the injury.

The physician may prescribe painkillers to relieve the headache.

Alcohol, sedatives, and tranquilizers may aggravate the symptoms.

The patient should avoid sports and work until he or she is completely recovered.

The key sign is level of consciousness.

Is the person conscious?

Can the person be aroused?

Other signs worth observing include unequally dilated pupils, an inability to feel or move some body part, or persistent vomiting.